CD69 is a 27-33 kD type II transmembrane protein also known as activation inducer molecule (AIM), very early activation antigen (VEA), and MLR3. It is a member of the C-type lectin family, expressed as a disulfide-linked homodimer. Other members of this receptor family include NKG2, NKR-P1 CD94, and Ly49. CD69 is transiently expressed on activated leukocytes including T cells, thymocytes, B cells, NK cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils. CD69 is constitutively expressed by a subset of medullary mature thymocytes, platelets, mantle B cells, and certain CD4⁺ T cells in germinal centers of normal lymph nodes. CD69 is involved in early events of lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet activation, and has a functional role in redirected lysis mediated by activated NK cells.

Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis. The suggested use of this reagent is ≤ 1.0 microg per 10⁶ cells in 100 microL volume or 100 microL of whole blood. It is highly recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application.

* Pacific Blue™ has a maximum emission of 455 nm when it is excited at 405 nm. Prior to using Pacific Blue™ conjugate for flow cytometric analysis, please verify your flow cytometer's capability of exciting and detecting the fluorochrome.

1. Knapp WB, et al. 1989. Leucocyte Typing IV. Oxford University Press. New York.
2. Sakkas LI, et al. 1998. Clin. and Diag. Lab. Immunol. 5:430. (IHC)
3. Kim JR, et al. 2005. BMC Immunol. 6:3. (IF)
4. Verjans GM, et al. 2007. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:3496.
5. Lu H, et al. 2009. Toxicol Sci. 112:363. (FC) PubMed
6. Thakral D, et al. 2008. J. Immunol. 180:7431. (FC) PubMed
7. Yoshino N, et al. 2000. Exp. Anim. (Tokyo) 49:97. (FC)
8. Forster F, et al. 2014. J. Immunol. 192:771. PubMed
9. Tsai CY, et al. 2015. J Immunol. 194:3890. PubMed